The South East Asia Biofertilizer Market is projected to reach $78.1 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 10.3% during the forecast period of 2023 to 2030. The growth of this market is driven by the rising demand for organic food, the rising inclination towards sustainable and eco-friendly techniques to improve crop yields and soil health, increasing government initiatives to promote the use of biofertilizers, and the growing concerns regarding environmental safety. However, the high cost of biofertilizer production and high demand for synthetic fertilizers hamper the growth of this market to some extent.
Moreover, the growing adoption of fertilizers in emerging economies is expected to create market growth opportunities for the stakeholders operating in this market. However, the lengthy product registration & approval processes and lack of awareness regarding biofertilizer are major challenges for the players in this market.
Key Players
The report includes a competitive landscape based on an extensive assessment of the key growth strategies adopted by leading market players between 2020 and 2023. The key players profiled in the South East Asia Biofertilizer market research report are American Vanguard Corporation (U.S.), Chr. Hansen Holding A/S (Denmark), IPL Biologicals Limited (India), Koppert B.V (Netherlands), Lallemand Inc (U.S.), Novozymes A/S (Denmark), Symborg Corporate, SL (Spain), UPL Limited. (India), Biostadt India Limited (India), ATLÁNTICA AGRÍCOLA, S.A. (Spain), and Suståne Natural Fertilizer, Inc. (U.S.).
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Organic farming involves growing crops without using synthetic (chemical) fertilizers and pesticides. In organic cultivation, natural fertilizers such as organic fertilizers and biofertilizers are used to enhance crop production. Biofertilizers are renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, and eco-friendly. They improve soil structure, increase the soil’s water-holding capacity, and prevent plant diseases & groundwater contamination.
The global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, a 24% increase over 2021 (Source: Population Reference Bureau). As the global population grows, the demand for food is also expected to increase, meaning that agriculture will become much more important in the future. Therefore, various modern agricultural practices are expected to be used to fulfill the growing food requirements of the population.
Chemical fertilizers are used on a large scale to enhance agricultural production. However, chemical residues in food can be harmful and may lead to diseases. As food safety has become a major concern, consumers increasingly prefer chemical residue-free produce. Organic food is grown using natural fertilizers. Consuming organic food may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, stroke, allergies, obesity, and many more conditions.
Furthermore, several organizations are raising awareness about the negative effects of chemicals in food and promoting organic farming worldwide. In addition, various governments are undertaking initiatives to promote organic foods and organic cultivation across the globe. Therefore, there has been a drastic increase in the global consumption of organic food and the global area of land under organic cultivation.
According to FIBL-IFOAM 2023, as of 2021, the organic agricultural land in the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam was around 216,334 ha, 167,985 ha, 83,362 ha, and 74,540 ha, respectively. Moreover, this organic agriculture area is further expected to grow by 415.7% in Thailand, 167.2% in the Philippines, and 105.4% in Vietnam in the next ten years from 2021. The organic farming industry is governed by strict government standards; products bearing organic labels are required to be produced without toxic and persistent pesticides and synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, antibiotics, synthetic hormones, or genetic engineering.
Biofertilizers play an important role in organic farming. In addition, biofertilizers are essential components of organic farming practices because combining naturally occurring microorganisms with organically derived, nutrient-rich fertilizers provides plants with a healthy growing environment and makes the soil sustainable for future growing seasons. Biofertilizers also enhance plants’ resistance against pests and abiotic stressors such as drought, excess water, and extreme temperature changes. Providing plants with natural protection against external threats and restrictive conditions is necessary for optimal plant growth & development and reduces the need for traditional, inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Thus, the demand for biofertilizers in organic farming is expected to grow significantly in the coming years.
Thus, the rising demand for organic food is expected to drive the growth of the South East Asia biofertilizers market during the forecast period.
In 2023, the Nitrogen-fixing Microbes Segment is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizer Market
Based on microorganism type, the South East Asia biofertilizer market is segmented into Nitrogen-fixing Microbes, Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes, Potassium Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes, and Other Microorganisms. In 2023, the nitrogen-fixing microbes segment is expected to account for the largest share of the South East Asia biofertilizer market. The large market share of this segment is attributed to factors such as risks related to the use of synthetic fertilizers, rising health concerns associated with chemical fertilizers, rising awareness regarding nitrogen-fixing microbes, increasing government initiatives to support organic farming by adopting sustainability in modern agriculture, and growing use of modern irrigation techniques such as drip and sprinkler irrigation.
In addition, nitrogen-fixing microbes are a more economical, ecological, and profitable solution to provide nitrogen to plants, contributing to their increased adoption. This segment is further slated to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period of 2023–2030.
In 2023, the Cereals & Grains Segment is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizer Market
Based on crop type, the South East Asia biofertilizer market is segmented into cereals & grains, oilseeds & pulses, fruits & vegetables, and other crop types. In 2023, the cereals & grains segment is expected to account for the largest share of the South East Asia biofertilizer market. The large market share of this segment is attributed to the high area under cereal & grain cultivation, increasing demand for organic and naturally grown cereals and grains products, and growing focus on minimizing the use of conventional fertilizers for cereals & grains production.
In 2023, the Seed Treatment Segment is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizer Market
Based on mode of application, the South East Asia Biofertilizer market is segmented into seed treatment, foliar spray, fertigation, and other modes of application. In 2023, the seed treatment segment is expected to account for the larger share of the South East Asia Biofertilizer market. The large market share of this segment is attributed to the rising awareness regarding the seed treatment of biofertilizer and the increasing use of biofertilizer in various crops such as rice, wheat, sorghum, maize, and oilseeds such as groundnut, sunflower, and soybean. In addition, it is associated with various benefits, such as increasing seed germination and decreased incidence of foot and root rot.
Moreover, the foliar spray segment is projected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period of 2023–2030. This growth is driven by the low quantity of biofertilizer required with minimum wastage, growing advancement in spraying technologies which provide uniform application and distribution of nutrients, increasing farmer preferences for foliar spraying due to precise nutrient delivery to plants and rapid nutrient absorption, and one of the most economical and reliable biofertilizer application.
In 2023, the Liquid Biofertilizers Segment is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizer Market
Based on form, the South East Asia biofertilizer market is segmented into dry biofertilizers and liquid biofertilizers. In 2023, the dry biofertilizers segment is expected to account for the larger share of the South East Asia biofertilizer market. The large market share of this segment is attributed to their long-lasting effects and high efficiency in all climatic conditions, various products offered by manufacturers in dry from in the market, rising adoption of dry biofertilizers for lawn & garden applications, and the wide & easy availability of raw materials.
Moreover, the liquid biofertilizers segment is projected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period of 2023–2030. This growth is driven by the ability of liquid biofertilizers to offer more precise nutrient delivery to plants, rapid nutrient absorption, easy and uniform application, growing advancement in spraying and fertigation technologies, and growing focus of farmers on pre-mixed and ready-to-use biofertilizers are further expected to support the rapid growth of this segment.
Philippines Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizer Market
Based on country, the South East Asia biofertilizer market is segmented into the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Rest of South East Asia. In 2023, the Philippines is expected to account for the largest share of the South East Asia Biofertilizer market. The large share of this market is attributed to the increasing awareness regarding the benefits of biofertilizers, rising health awareness, which further increases the demand for organic food, the increasing area under organic farming, and the growing adoption of modern agriculture techniques such as drip irrigation and advanced spraying techniques.
Scope of the Report:
South East Asia Biofertilizer Market Assessment, by Microorganism Type
South East Asia Biofertilizer Market Assessment, by Crop Type
South East Asia Biofertilizer Market Assessment, by Mode of Application
South East Asia Biofertilizer Market Assessment, by Form
South East Asia Biofertilizer Market Assessment, by Country
Key Questions Answered in the Report:
Biofertilizers are ready-to-use live formulations of beneficial microorganisms that, on application to seed, root, or soil, mobilize nutrients through their biological activity in particular and help build the micro-flora and soil health in general. Biofertilizers play an important role in organic farming. Biofertilizers offer a sustainable solution to reduce chemical fertilizer use while meeting the growing population's demand. Applying biofertilizers reduces the impact on soil, air, and water and supplies useful microbes to the soil.
This report provides detailed market insights, dynamics, and forecasts of the biofertilizer market segmented by microorganism type, crop type, mode of application, formulation, and country.
The South East Asia Biofertilizer market is projected to reach $78.1 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 10.3% during the forecast period.
Based on mode of application, the foliar spray segment is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period.
o Rising Demand for Organic Food
o Rising Inclination Towards Sustainable and Eco-friendly Techniques to Improve Crop Yields and Soil Health
o Increasing Government Initiatives to Promote the use of Biofertilizers
o Growing Concerns Regarding Environmental Safety
o High Cost of Biofertilizer Production
o High Demand for Synthetic Fertilizers
The key players operating in the South East Asia Biofertilizer market are American Vanguard Corporation (U.S.), Chr. Hansen Holding A/S (Denmark), IPL Biologicals Limited (India), Koppert B.V (Netherlands), Lallemand Inc (U.S.), Novozymes A/S (Denmark), Symborg Corporate, SL (Spain), UPL Limited. (India), Biostadt India Limited (India), ATLÁNTICA AGRÍCOLA, S.A. (Spain), and Suståne Natural Fertilizer, Inc. (U.S.).
The Philippines is expected to account for the largest share of the South East Asia Biofertilizer market in 2023. The Philippines’s significant market share is attributed to increasing awareness regarding the benefits of biofertilizers, rising health awareness, which further increases the demand for organic food, increasing area under organic farming, and growing adoption of modern agriculture techniques such as drip irrigation and advanced spraying techniques.
This report provides pre & post COVID-19 market estimates.
1. Introduction
1.1. Market Definition & Scope
1.2. Market Ecosystem
1.3. Currency
1.4. Key Stakeholders
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Research Approach
2.2. Process of Data Collection and Validation
2.2.1. Secondary Research
2.2.2. Primary Research/Interviews with Key Opinion Leaders of the Industry
2.3. Market Sizing and Forecast
2.3.1. Market Size Estimation Approach
2.3.2. Growth Forecast Approach
2.4. Assumptions for the Study
3. Executive Summary
3.1. Overview
3.2. Segment Analysis
3.2.1. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Microorganism Type
3.2.2. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Crop Type
3.2.3. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Mode of Application
3.2.4. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Form
3.3. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Country/Region
3.4. Competitive Landscape & Market Competitors
4. Market Insights
4.1. Overview
4.2. Factors Affecting Market Growth
4.2.1. Drivers
4.2.1.1. Rising Demand for Organic Food
4.2.1.2. Rising Inclination Towards Sustainable and Eco-friendly Techniques to Improve Crop Yields and Soil Health
4.2.1.3. Increasing Government Initiatives to Promote the Use of Biofertilizers
4.2.1.4. Growing Concerns Regarding Environmental Safety
4.2.2. Restraints
4.2.2.1. High Cost of Biofertilizer Production
4.2.2.2. High Demand for Synthetic Fertilizers
4.2.3. Opportunities
4.2.3.1. Growing Adoption of Fertilizers in Emerging Economies
4.2.4. Challenges
4.2.4.1. Lengthy Product Registration & Approval Processes
4.2.4.2. Lack of Awareness Regarding Biofertilizer
4.3. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
4.4.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.4.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.4.3. Threat of Substitutes
4.4.4. Threat of New Entrants
4.4.5. Degree of Competition
4.4. Value Chain Analysis
5. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market Assessment, by Microorganism Type
5.1. Overview
5.2. Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes
5.2.1. Rhizobia Bacteria
5.2.2. Azospirillum
5.2.3. Other Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes
5.3. Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes
5.3.1. Pseudomonas
5.3.2. Bacillus
5.3.3. Other Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes
5.4. Potassium Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes
5.5. Other Microorganism Types
6. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market Assessment, by Crop Type
6.1. Overview
6.2. Cereals & Grains
6.2.1. Rice
6.2.2. Maize/Corn
6.2.3. Wheat
6.2.4. Other Cereals & Grains
6.3. Oilseeds & Pulses
6.4. Fruits & Vegetables
6.5. Other Crop Types
7. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market Assessment, by Mode of Application
7.1. Overview
7.2. Seed Treatment
7.3. Foliar Spray
7.4. Fertigation
7.5. Other Modes of Application
8. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market Assessment, by Form
8.1. Overview
8.2. Dry Biofertilizers
8.3. Liquid Biofertilizers
9. South East Asia Biofertilizers Market Assessment, by Country/Region
9.1. Overview
9.2. Philippines
9.3. Thailand
9.4. Indonesia
9.5. Vietnam
9.6. Rest of South East Asia
10. Competition Analysis
10.1. Overview
10.2. Key Growth Strategies
10.3. Competitive Benchmarking
10.4. Competitive Dashboard
10.4.1. Industry Leaders
10.4.2. Market Differentiators
10.4.3. Vanguards
10.4.4. Emerging Companies
10.5. Market Share Analysis
11. Company Profiles (Company Overview, Financial Overview, Product Portfolio, and Strategic Developments)
11.1. American Vanguard Corporation
11.2. Chr. Hansen Holding A/S
11.3. IPL Biologicals Limited
11.4. Koppert B.V
11.5. Lallemand Inc
11.6. Novozymes A/S
11.7. Symborg Corporate, SL
11.8. UPL Limited.
11.9. Biostadt India Limited
11.10. ATLÁNTICA AGRÍCOLA, S.A.
11.11. Suståne Natural Fertilizer, Inc.
(Note: SWOT Analysis of the Top 5 Companies Will Be Provided)
12. Appendix
12.1. Available Customization
12.2. Related Reports
List of Tables
Table 1 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market: Key Stakeholders
Table 2 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Microorganism Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 3 South East Asia Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 4 South East Asia Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 5 South East Asia Rhizobia Bacteria Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 6 South East Asia Azospirillum Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 7 South East Asia Other Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 8 South East Asia Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 9 South East Asia Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 10 South East Asia Pseudomonas Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 11 South East Asia Bacillus Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 12 South East Asia Other Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 13 South East Asia Potassium Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 14 South East Asia Other Microorganism Types Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 15 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Crop Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 16 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Cereals & Grains, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 17 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Cereals & Grains, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 18 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Rice, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 19 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Maize/Corn, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 20 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Wheat, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 21 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Other Cereals & Grains, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 22 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Oilseeds & Pulses, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 23 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Fruits & Vegetables, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 24 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Other Crops, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 25 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Mode of Application, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 26 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Seed Treatment, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 27 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Foliar Spray, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 28 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Fertigation, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 29 South East Asia Biofertilizer Market for Other Modes of Application, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 30 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Form, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 31 South East Asia Dry Biofertilizers Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 32 South East Asia Liquid Biofertilizers Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 33 South East Asia: Biofertilizer Market, by Country/Region, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 34 Philippines: Biofertilizer Market, by Microorganism Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 35 Philippines: Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 36 Philippines: Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 37 Philippines: Biofertilizer Market, by Crop Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 38 Philippines: Biofertilizer Market for Cereals & Grains, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 39 Philippines: Biofertilizer Market, by Mode of Application, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 40 Philippines: Biofertilizer Market, by Form, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 41 Thailand: Biofertilizer Market, by Microorganism Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 42 Thailand: Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 43 Thailand: Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 44 Thailand: Biofertilizer Market, by Crop Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 45 Thailand: Biofertilizer Market for Cereals & Grains, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 46 Thailand: Biofertilizer Market, by Mode of Application, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 47 Thailand: Biofertilizer Market, by Form, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 48 Indonesia: Biofertilizer Market, by Microorganism Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 49 Indonesia: Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 50 Indonesia: Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 51 Indonesia: Biofertilizer Market, by Crop Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 52 Indonesia: Biofertilizer Market for Cereals & Grains, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 53 Indonesia: Biofertilizer Market, by Mode of Application, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 54 Indonesia: Biofertilizer Market, by Form, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 55 Vietnam: Biofertilizer Market, by Microorganism Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 56 Vietnam: Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 57 Vietnam: Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 58 Vietnam: Biofertilizer Market, by Crop Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 59 Vietnam: Biofertilizer Market for Cereals & Grains, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 60 Vietnam: Biofertilizer Market, by Mode of Application, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 61 Vietnam: Biofertilizer Market, by Form, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 62 Rest of South East Asia: Biofertilizer Market, by Microorganism Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 63 Rest of South East Asia: Nitrogen-Fixing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 64 Rest of South East Asia: Phosphate Solubilizing & Mobilizing Microbes Market, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 65 Rest of South East Asia: Biofertilizer Market, by Crop Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 66 Rest of South East Asia: Biofertilizer Market for Cereals & Grains, by Type, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 67 Rest of South East Asia: Biofertilizer Market, by Mode of Application, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 68 Rest of South East Asia: Biofertilizer Market, by Form, 2021–2030 (USD Million)
Table 69 Recent Developments, by Company (2020–2023)
List of Figures
Figure 1 Research Process
Figure 2 Secondary Sources Referenced for This Study
Figure 3 Primary Research Techniques
Figure 4 Key Executives Interviewed
Figure 5 Breakdown of Primary Interviews (Supply Side & Demand Side)
Figure 6 Market Sizing and Growth Forecast Approach
Figure 7 In 2023, the Nitrogen-fixing Microbes Segment is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizers Market
Figure 8 In 2023, the Cereals & Grains Is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizers Market
Figure 9 In 2023, the Seed Treatment Segment Is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizers Market
Figure 10 In 2023, the Liquid Biofertilizers Segment Is Expected to Dominate the South East Asia Biofertilizers Market
Figure 11 Philippines Dominates the South East Asia Biofertilizers Market
Figure 12 Factors Affecting Market Growth
Figure 13 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Microorganism Type, 2023 Vs. 2030 (USD Million)
Figure 14 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Crop Type, 2023 Vs. 2030 (USD Million)
Figure 15 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Mode of Application, 2023 Vs. 2030 (USD Million)
Figure 16 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Form, 2023 Vs. 2030 (USD Million)
Figure 17 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market, by Country, 2023
Figure 18 South East Asia: Agriculture Irrigation Equipment Market Snapshot (2023)
Figure 19 Key Growth Strategies Adopted by Leading Players (2020–2023)
Figure 20 Competitive Dashboard: South East Asia Biofertilizers Market
Figure 21 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market: Competitive Benchmarking, by Application
Figure 22 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market: Competitive Benchmarking, by Form
Figure 23 South East Asia Biofertilizers Market: Competitive Benchmarking, by Microorganism Type
Figure 24 American Vanguard Corporation: Financial Overview (2022)
Figure 25 Chr. Hansen Holding A/S: Financial Overview (2023)
Figure 26 Novozymes A/S: Financial Overview (2022)
Figure 27 UPL Limited.: Financial Overview (2023)
This report provides pre & post COVID-19 market estimates.
This report provides pre & post COVID-19 market estimates.
Published Date: Sep-2022
Published Date: Aug-2022
Published Date: Jan-2023
Published Date: Aug-2023
