Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a technology used to sequence the orientation of nucleotides in genetic material. This technology enables the sequencing of DNA or RNA more quickly and at a lower cost compared to Sanger sequencing. Continuous developments in NGS technology are revolutionizing the field of personalized medicine, genetic diseases, and clinical diagnostics by providing the capability to sequence multiple individuals with a variable genetic orientation simultaneously.
NGS in Genetic Disease Research
Genetic diseases represent a significant burden on the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. The advent of NGS has enabled the identification of gene variants in both extremely rare diseases and common but heterogeneous disorders. NGS can be applied to selected regions or the entire genome to detect these variants. According to the Ministry of Health, rare diseases affect approximately one in 2,000 people in Saudi Arabia, with 70% of these cases occurring in children. In response, government bodies are focusing on reducing the incidence of genetic diseases, which has increased the demand for NGS in genetic disease research.
For rare diseases, whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing are particularly useful for identifying mutations and pathways associated with these conditions. Several hospitals and research centers in Saudi Arabia, including King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) in Riyadh, and Saudi Aramco Medical Services Hospital, are conducting genetic disease research using NGS to help reduce the prevalence of genetic disorders. Researchers use NGS to explore the molecular basis of genetic diseases. NGS offers insights into how mutations disrupt biological pathways, which can then be utilized in the development of targeted therapies.
The Saudi government initiated the Saudi Genome Program (SGP) in 2018 to reduce the prevalence of genetic diseases. This ongoing program involves sequencing the genomes of the Saudi population to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic disorders. Such government initiatives are expected to boost the demand for NGS systems and assays for genetic disease research.
Sequencing by Synthesis Technology is Expected to Gain Traction in the Market
Sequencing by synthesis is one of the most preferred techniques in the NGS as it has several advantages over other techniques:
• SBS can sequence multiple DNA fragments simultaneously, enabling researchers to quickly generate large volumes of data.
• SBS methods are more economical compared to other techniques due to the use of reversible terminators and amplification steps that lower the cost per base.
• SBS allows for the sequencing of DNA library fragments from both ends, producing high-quality sequence data. This paired-end approach enhances alignment and genome assembly due to the known distance between read pairs.
• SBS can support long-insert paired-end reads for efficient sequence assembly and de novo sequencing.
• SBS technology accommodates both single-read and paired-end libraries, providing short-insert paired-end capabilities for high-resolution genome sequencing as well as long-insert paired-end reads for efficient assembly and de novo sequencing.
Due to its advantages, SBS is widely adopted in genomics and genome research for its efficiency and accuracy. The increasing volume of research and the expanding field of genomic and genetic studies further drive the use of SBS. Numerous initiatives by both public and private institutions are aimed at advancing genomic and genetic research. For instance, the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) Medical Genomics Research Department (MGRD) is engaged in various projects addressing genetic disorders and genomic challenges. Some of these projects are as follows:
• Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Program in Saudi Arabia: A Step Towards Advancing Therapeutic Genomics.
• Preventative Genome medicine for inherited genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia
• Identification of disease-causing mutations by WGS that are not detected by WES in families with hereditary disorders.
Insights from Saudi Arabia Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Market Analysis
Recent insights from Meticulous Research® provide valuable perspectives on the future trajectory of the Saudi Arabia NGS Market. Projections suggest a potential worth of $50 million by 2031, driven by a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.1% from 2024 to 2031. The recent focus on research & development is driving innovations in the field. Moreover, significant trends are emerging due to ongoing evolution, such as automation in next-generation sequencing, incorporation of genomic data in clinical workflows, and increasing advancements in data visualization tools.
Conclusion
The Saudi Arabia NGS market is driven by factors such as the rising cancer prevalence, the increasing application of NGS in cancer treatment and research, technological advancements in NGS, the growing demand for optimized & streamlined NGS workflows, the declining costs of genome sequencing, technological advancements in sequencing procedures, increasing pharmaceutical R&D expenditures, and the surge in genome mapping programs.
Furthermore, the increasing applications of NGS, the rising adoption of genomic data management solutions, collaborations between vendors to develop library preparation protocols, the increasing adoption of NGS tools among hospitals and clinical laboratories, and government initiatives supporting large-scale genomic sequencing projects are expected to generate growth opportunities for the players operating in the Saudi Arabia NGS market.
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